中國海洋環境公益訴訟受限，白海豚棲地保護暴露 NGO 法律缺口

福建圍頭灣一項碼頭工程計畫在白海豚重要棲地進行水下爆破，主管機關在接獲投訴後暫停作業；環保組織 Friends of Nature 隨後提出公益訴訟，但法院於 2025 年 8 月以欠缺原告資格駁回。

A pier project in Weitou Bay, Fujian planned underwater blasting in important Chinese white dolphin habitat. Authorities suspended the work after complaints, but a Friends of Nature public-interest case was rejected for lack of standing in August 2025.

中國環境公益訴訟制度已允許合格社會組織處理污染、濕地與野生動物案件，也允許行政機關與檢察機關提訴。然而海洋案件常被法院視為不在一般民間組織的可訴範圍。

China's environmental public-interest litigation system permits qualified organisations to bring some pollution, wetland and wildlife cases, alongside agencies and prosecutors. Courts frequently treat marine cases as outside ordinary civil-society standing.

港口、填海、採砂與離岸能源可能跨越行政邊界並造成難以恢復的海洋影響。若民間團體只能投訴卻無法在損害發生前請求禁制，公共監督會出現時間與責任缺口。

Ports, reclamation, dredging and offshore energy can cross administrative boundaries and cause slowly reversible marine damage. If NGOs can complain but cannot seek preventive orders, public oversight faces timing and responsibility gaps.

Friends of Nature 與 ChinaBlue 蒐集潛在違規資料、聯繫主管機關並提高公眾關注。來源指出，原環評未評估水下爆破，責任機關之間又出現協調困難。

Friends of Nature and ChinaBlue gathered information on possible breaches, contacted authorities and raised public attention. The source says the original impact assessment did not cover underwater blasting and agencies struggled to coordinate responsibility.

可驗證的是爆破曾被暫停、公益訴訟遭駁回及法院提出的原告資格理由。報導未證明整體碼頭工程已永久停止，也未提供完整法院卷宗或最終生態監測結果。

Verified facts include the temporary suspension, rejected lawsuit and the court's standing rationale. The report does not establish that the entire pier project is permanently stopped, and it does not provide the complete case file or final ecological monitoring.

案件顯示陸域與海洋環境公益訴訟的法律邊界不一致。把海洋案件主要交由行政機關與檢察機關處理，可能限制獨立民間組織在早期預防與跨區監督上的角色。

The case shows an uneven legal boundary between terrestrial and marine public-interest litigation. Reliance on agencies and prosecutors may limit independent civil-society participation in early prevention and cross-jurisdiction oversight.

SNN 編輯分析：海洋建設證據鏈應包含工程範圍、物種季節活動、噪音與爆破模型、環評變更、停工命令、法院程序及後續監測。投訴、暫停與永久保護是不同法律狀態。

SNN editorial analysis: Evidence for marine construction should link project boundaries, seasonal species activity, noise and blasting models, impact-assessment changes, stop-work orders, court procedure and follow-up monitoring. Complaint, suspension and permanent protection are different legal states.

後續應追蹤工程是否重啟、新生態環境法典的實務解釋、海洋案件原告資格、檢察機關介入及白海豚棲地的持續監測。

Next checks should follow any restart, interpretation of the new ecological and environmental code, standing in marine cases, prosecutorial action and continued dolphin-habitat monitoring.