菲律賓 Iraya Mangyan 以 REDD+ 守護逾 4 萬公頃森林，碳收益仍待驗證

Mindoro 森林與生物多樣性保育計畫以原住民族巡護、祖地權利、碳監測及生計方案保護逾 4 萬公頃森林，預計支持約 2,500 戶 Iraya Mangyan 家庭。

The Mindoro Forest and Biodiversity Conservation Programme combines Indigenous patrols, ancestral-domain rights, carbon monitoring and livelihoods across more than 40,000 hectares, with about 2,500 Iraya Mangyan households in scope.

計畫由菲律賓 Center for Conservation Innovations Philippines 推動，期間為 2020 至 2049 年，部分範圍位於 Puerto Galera 生物圈保護區。其 REDD+ 設計試圖把森林保育與社區治理連結。

Led by the Center for Conservation Innovations Philippines, the 2020 to 2049 programme partly covers the Puerto Galera Biosphere Reserve. Its REDD+ design seeks to connect forest protection with community governance.

傳統保護區巡查若未處理土地權利與生計壓力，難以長期阻止盜伐、採礦與侵占。碳市場若先完成計量卻延後利益分享，也可能重演對原住民族的失信。

Protected areas and patrols may not stop logging, mining and encroachment when tenure and livelihood pressure remain unresolved. A carbon programme that advances accounting while delaying benefit sharing can also repeat broken promises to Indigenous people.

受訓巡護員以地理定位回報威脅，社區苗圃培育原生樹種，計畫並協助兩個祖地範圍劃設。現階段有 108 名社區成員參與巡護、苗圃與協調工作。

Trained patrollers send geolocated threat reports, community nurseries raise native species and the programme supports delineation of two ancestral domains. It currently employs 108 community members in patrol, nursery and coordination roles.

地方官員表示小規模採礦與盜伐已由接近每日發生降至極少，調查記錄 517 種物種；兩座苗圃截至 2026 年 7 月約育成 1.4 萬至 1.5 萬株苗木。這些為來源報導的早期結果，仍需一致方法與外部查核。

Local officials report that small-scale mining and timber poaching fell from near-daily events to minimal levels, while surveys recorded 517 species. Two nurseries had produced about 14,000 to 15,000 seedlings by July 2026. These early reported results still need consistent methods and external assurance.

碳收益尚未實現，利益分享協議仍未簽署，登錄與獨立驗證也未完成。這使 REDD+ 的治理成效必須同時評估權利、生計、文化、水源與碳，而非只看可出售的減量。

Carbon revenue has not begun, the benefit-sharing agreement is unsigned, and registration and independent verification remain pending. REDD+ governance must therefore evaluate rights, livelihoods, culture, water and carbon together.

SNN 編輯分析：社區型自然專案的證據鏈應包含自由、事前與知情同意、土地邊界、巡護紀錄、物種資料、收入分配及申訴。預估碳收益不能列為已交付利益。

SNN editorial analysis: Evidence for community nature projects should include free, prior and informed consent, land boundaries, patrol logs, species data, revenue allocation and grievance channels. Forecast carbon income must not be presented as delivered benefit.

後續應追蹤利益分享協議、登錄與查證、巡護員穩定收入、碳收益起點、社區主導治理及森林與水源的長期量測。

Next checks should cover the benefit-sharing agreement, registration and verification, stable worker income, carbon-revenue timing, community-led governance and long-term forest and water measurements.