中國鮭魚進口激增 46%：本土養殖虹鱒成市場新寵

近年來，中國對養殖鮭魚的需求持續攀升，進口量屢創新高。根據最新數據， 2023 年中國鮭魚進口量同比增長 46% ，其中 新鮮及冷藏大西洋鮭魚進口量更大幅增長 63% 。這一迅猛增長態勢，正在重塑全球海鮮貿易格局。

隨著中國消費市場的持續擴張，來自蘇格蘭、挪威、智利、澳大利亞、法羅群島、加拿大及冰島的鮭魚出口商，紛紛加強對中國市場的佈局，以搶占這一增長迅猛的市場。然而，中國在本土生產大西洋鮭魚的努力卻面臨諸多技術與環境挑戰，導致市場對替代品的需求日益增加。 虹鱒 作為外觀、口感與營養價值皆與鮭魚相近的魚種，在中國市場的接受度逐步提高，成為填補市場缺口的主要選擇之一。

In recent years, China's demand for farmed salmon has continued to rise, with imports reaching new highs. According to the latest data, China's salmon imports will increase by 46% year-on-year in 2023, of which fresh and chilled Atlantic salmon imports will increase significantly by 63%. This rapid growth is reshaping the global seafood trade pattern.

As China's consumer market continues to expand, salmon exporters from Scotland, Norway, Chile, Australia, the Faroe Islands, Canada and Iceland have stepped up their presence in the Chinese market to seize this rapidly growing market. However, China's efforts to produce Atlantic salmon locally have faced numerous technical and environmental challenges, leading to increasing demand for alternatives. Rainbow trout is a fish species that is similar in appearance, taste and nutritional value to salmon. Its acceptance in the Chinese market has gradually increased, and it has become one of the main choices to fill the market gap.

中國消費者對鮭魚需求持續上升

隨著中國經濟的發展及消費升級， 海鮮產品已逐漸成為中高收入消費者日常餐桌上的必備品 ，其中鮭魚更因其營養價值高、食用方式多元（生魚片、壽司、燒烤、煎煮等），成為市場熱銷產品。

Chinese consumer demand for salmon continues to rise

With the development of China's economy and the upgrading of consumption, seafood products have gradually become a must-have on the daily tables of middle- and high-income consumers. Salmon has become a hot-selling product in the market due to its high nutritional value and diverse ways of eating (sashimi, sushi, barbecue, frying, etc.).

此外，中國年輕一代消費者的飲食習慣正快速轉變， 對於健康飲食的關注度提高 ，富含 Omega-3 脂肪酸的鮭魚因此受到青睞。根據市場調查，中國消費者對鮭魚的需求在過去五年間 年均增長 20% 以上 ，預計未來仍將維持快速增長。

進口鮭魚物流與環境成本高昂

儘管中國市場對進口鮭魚的需求日益增加，但從蘇格蘭湖區、挪威峽灣及智利海域長途運輸至中國的物流過程涉及 複雜的冷鏈技術與高昂的環境成本 。鮭魚養殖本身屬於 高度資源密集型產業 ，需要大量的餵養飼料、水資源及能源投入。而跨洲供應鏈的運輸，進一步加劇了碳排放問題， 對全球環境永續發展帶來挑戰 。

In addition, the eating habits of China's younger generation of consumers are changing rapidly and they are paying more attention to healthy eating. Salmon, which is rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, is therefore favored. According to market surveys, Chinese consumers' demand for salmon has increased by more than 20% annually over the past five years and is expected to maintain rapid growth in the future.

Imported salmon has high logistics and environmental costs

Although the Chinese market has an increasing demand for imported salmon, the logistics process of long-distance transportation from the Scottish lakes, Norwegian fjords and Chilean waters to China involves complex cold chain technology and high environmental costs. Salmon farming itself is a highly resource-intensive industry, requiring large amounts of feed, water resources and energy inputs. The transportation of cross-continental supply chains further aggravates the carbon emission problem and poses challenges to the sustainable development of the global environment.

此外，中國消費者對海鮮的新鮮度要求極高，這促使電商平台大舉進入市場，並推動了「即時配送」的供應模式。然而， 高效冷鏈技術雖然確保進口鮭魚的新鮮度，但其能源消耗與環境影響仍是業界關注的課題 。

目前，雖然國際市場推行多項水產品可持續發展認證（如 MSC、ASC 認證 ），但這些標準在中國市場的影響力仍有限。未來如何在 市場需求與環保責任之間取得平衡 ，將成為業界必須面對的重要課題。

本土養殖虹鱒成可行替代方案

2018 年，中國政府批准 虹鱒可標示並銷售為「鮭魚」 ，此舉模糊了進口大西洋鮭魚與本土養殖虹鱒之間的界線，使得價格較親民的虹鱒成為更多消費者的選擇。目前，中國的虹鱒養殖主要集中在 青藏高原、四川、雲南及新疆等地 ，這些地區擁有冷水資源，適合虹鱒的生長環境。根據 2022 年的數據，中國本土 虹鱒產量達 37,000 噸 ，雖然與全球市場相比仍屬初步發展階段，但已展現出強勁的增長勢頭。

In addition, Chinese consumers have extremely high requirements for the freshness of seafood, which has prompted e-commerce platforms to enter the market aggressively and promoted the "instant delivery" supply model. However, although efficient cold chain technology ensures the freshness of imported salmon, its energy consumption and environmental impact are still issues of concern to the industry.

At present, although a number of aquatic product sustainable development certifications (such as MSC and ASC certification) are implemented in the international market, the influence of these standards in the Chinese market is still limited. How to strike a balance between market demand and environmental responsibility in the future will become an important issue that the industry must face.

Locally farmed rainbow trout a viable alternative

In 2018, the Chinese government approved that rainbow trout can be labeled and sold as “salmon.” This move blurred the line between imported Atlantic salmon and locally farmed rainbow trout, making the more affordable rainbow trout a choice for more consumers. At present, China's rainbow trout farming is mainly concentrated in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Sichuan, Yunnan and Xinjiang. These areas have cold water resources and are suitable for the growth environment of rainbow trout. According to 2022 data, China's local rainbow trout production reached 37,000 tons. Although it is still in the preliminary development stage compared with the global market, it has shown strong growth momentum.

為何虹鱒養殖具有潛力？

1️⃣ 減少對進口的依賴 ：本土養殖能降低國際市場價格波動對中國市場的影響，提升中國海鮮產業的穩定性。

2️⃣ 符合消費者對新鮮度的需求 ：本土養殖產品可大幅縮短供應鏈，確保消費者獲得更新鮮的魚類產品。

3️⃣ 減少碳足跡 ：相比進口鮭魚，本土養殖虹鱒的運輸成本和碳排放更低，符合當前環保趨勢。

4️⃣ 促進地方經濟發展 ：虹鱒養殖產業的發展，將創造更多農村地區的就業機會，並帶動當地經濟成長。

全球市場影響：產業轉型迫在眉睫

中國海鮮市場的變革，正深刻影響全球水產供應鏈。隨著中國消費者對 品質、新鮮度與可持續性 的要求提升，全球鮭魚出口商必須調整策略，以適應市場變化。

未來，投資於 環保水產養殖技術 將成為業界發展關鍵，例如：

Why does rainbow trout farming have potential?

1️⃣ Reduce dependence on imports: Local breeding can reduce the impact of international market price fluctuations on the Chinese market and improve the stability of China’s seafood industry.

2️⃣ Meet consumers’ demand for freshness: Locally farmed products can significantly shorten the supply chain and ensure consumers get fresher fish products.

3️⃣ Reduce carbon footprint: Compared with imported salmon, locally farmed rainbow trout has lower transportation costs and carbon emissions, which is in line with current environmental protection trends.

4️⃣ Promote local economic development: The development of the rainbow trout breeding industry will create more employment opportunities in rural areas and drive local economic growth.

Global market impact: Industrial transformation is imminent

The changes in China's seafood market are profoundly affecting the global aquatic product supply chain. As Chinese consumers' demands for quality, freshness and sustainability increase, global salmon exporters must adjust their strategies to adapt to market changes.

In the future, investing in environmentally friendly aquaculture technologies will be key to the development of the industry, such as:

🔹 循環水養殖系統（RAS ）——透過過濾和再利用水資源，提高生產效率並減少污染

🔹 飼料優化技 術——降低養殖過程中的食物浪費，提高資源利用率

🔹 廢棄物回收利 用——將養殖過程中的養分廢棄物轉化為其他食品生產原料

如果中國本土養殖虹鱒的市場份額持續上升，來自歐洲、加拿大及其他主要鮭魚出口國的供應商 將面臨激烈競爭 ，甚至 可能需要重新調整市場策略 ，以應對中國消費者需求變遷。

🔹 Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) - improve production efficiency and reduce pollution by filtering and reusing water resources

🔹 Feed optimization technology - reduce food waste during breeding and improve resource utilization

🔹Waste Recycling - Convert nutrient waste from the breeding process into other food production raw materials

If the market share of domestically farmed rainbow trout in China continues to rise, suppliers from Europe, Canada and other major salmon exporting countries will face fierce competition and may even need to readjust their market strategies to cope with changes in Chinese consumer demand.

結語：中國水產品市場邁向新時代

Conclusion: China’s aquatic products market moves into a new era

中國市場對養殖鮭魚的需求仍在持續攀升，儘管本土大西洋鮭魚養殖面臨技術與環境挑戰，但 虹鱒養殖正在成為可行且可持續的解決方案 。在全球水產業競爭加劇的背景下，中國水產市場的變革 將重塑未來鮭魚貿易格局 ，為全球業界帶來新的機遇與挑戰。隨著市場需求的進一步增長，未來如何在 消費需求、環保責任與產業競爭之間取得平衡 ，將成為中國乃至全球水產業的核心議題。

Demand for farmed salmon continues to rise in China, and despite the technical and environmental challenges faced by native Atlantic salmon farming, rainbow trout farming is becoming a viable and sustainable solution. Against the background of intensified competition in the global aquaculture industry, changes in China's aquatic products market will reshape the future salmon trade pattern and bring new opportunities and challenges to the global industry. With the further growth of market demand, how to strike a balance between consumer demand, environmental responsibility and industrial competition in the future will become a core issue in China's and even the global aquaculture industry.