巴黎判漂綠罪成

巴黎法院近日裁定，道達爾能源（TotalEnergies）在宣傳中誤導公眾與投資人，構成「綠色漂洗（greenwashing）」行為。這項判決被視為全球企業氣候問責的重要里程碑，首次讓大型石油公司因誤導性氣候宣稱而面臨法律制裁。

A Paris court has ruled that TotalEnergies misled the public and investors about its climate commitments, marking a historic turning point in corporate environmental accountability. The verdict is the first to hold a major oil and gas company legally liable for greenwashing.

法院指出，道達爾能源的宣傳活動展示風力發電機、太陽能板，並宣稱致力於「碳中和未來」，但公司主要利潤仍來自石油與天然氣開採。法官因此命令該公司於一個月內撤除相關內容，否則每日將面臨最高 2 萬歐元罰款。

The judges determined that TotalEnergies’ promotional campaigns - featuring images of wind turbines, solar panels, and promises of a carbon-neutral future - were deceptive, as the company continues to derive most of its profits from oil and gas extraction. The court ordered the company to remove such claims from its website within one month or face fines of up to €20,000 per day.

法院認定漂綠宣傳構成誤導行為 裁決書指出，道達爾能源自 2021 年將品牌從「Total」更名為「TotalEnergies」後，持續以「能源轉型」與「淨零排放」為宣傳主軸，然而其再生能源投資僅佔業務極小比例，同時石油與天然氣產量仍在增加。法院認定，這些「碳中和」宣稱在未揭示公司對化石燃料的依賴下，屬於「具誤導性的商業行為」。

Rebranding Under Scrutiny The court examined the company’s 2021 rebranding from “Total” to “TotalEnergies,” which positioned it as a leader in the energy transition and pledged net-zero emissions by 2050. Judges found that investments in renewables

環團稱為綠色宣傳管制的轉折點 包括地球之友法國分會（Friends of the Earth France）、綠色和平法國（Greenpeace France）及 Notre Affaire à Tous 等環保組織對判決表示歡迎，認為此案「改變了遊戲規則」。三個團體各獲得 8,000 歐元賠償及 15,000 歐元訴訟費補償。

represented only a small fraction of its operations while fossil fuel output continued to grow. The ruling concluded that promoting “carbon neutrality” without disclosing reliance on fossil fuels constituted a misleading commercial practice under French law.

環保團體指出，這是法院首次明確要求企業「言行一致」：若企業聲稱正在推動氣候轉型，實際行為就必須反映相同承諾。

A Game Changer for Greenwashing Regulation Environmental groups - including Friends of the Earth France, Greenpeace France, and Notre Affaire à Tous - celebrated the verdict as a game changer for climate transparency. Each organization received €8,000 in damages and €15,000 in legal cost coverage.

對石化巨頭的警訊 本案不僅關乎道達爾能源，也為整個石化產業敲響警鐘。分析人士指出，若其他能源巨頭如殼牌（Shell）、英國石油（BP）或義大利埃尼（Eni）持續以缺乏依據的「淨零承諾」進行行銷，也可能面臨類似法律審查。

“The court made it clear that corporations cannot hide behind green slogans,” the groups said in a joint statement, adding that the decision reinforces the principle that companies must align their climate messaging with verifiable action.

此外，歐洲法院與監管機構近年亦加強對航空業宣傳審查，包括荷蘭皇家航空（KLM）與漢莎航空（Lufthansa）等，都因「永續飛行」的宣稱受到調查。此次裁決則將矛頭直接指向排放源頭的化石燃料企業，象徵司法對企業氣候言行的監管進入新階段。

A Warning to the Fossil Fuel Industry The case sends a strong signal to other energy majors. Analysts warn that firms like Shell, BP, and Eni may face similar scrutiny if their marketing continues to rely on unsubstantiated net-zero pledges. The ruling also follows growing regulatory attention on misleading sustainability claims in other sectors - airlines such as KLM and Lufthansa have faced investigations over “sustainable flying” advertisements.

企業氣候責任邁入法律時代 法院最終判定，道達爾能源的綠色形象廣告「曲解了其環境表現」，構成違反《法國商業法》的誤導性行為。觀察人士認為，這項判決將迫使能源業重新審視對外溝通策略，未來企業若要談「永續」，必須以可驗證的行動為依據，而非僅止於包裝與口號。

Legal Accountability for Climate Claims By ruling that TotalEnergies’ green advertising distorted its environmental performance, the Paris court established a legal precedent likely to influence corporate communications across the energy sector. As public and regulatory scrutiny intensifies, the decision underscores a clear message: climate credibility must be proven, not promoted.