全球野生動物驟減73%：《地球生命力報告》揭示生態系統瀕臨崩潰

《地球生命力報告》（Living Planet Report）揭示，全球野生動物族群自1970年至2020年間驟降了73%，其中淡水生態系統受損最為嚴重，物種數量減少達85%。陸地和海洋生態系統也面臨重大衝擊，分別下降69%和56%。這些數據顯示出全球生態系統的退化情況日益惡化，特別是在拉丁美洲和加勒比地區，野生動物族群數量銳減了95%，情況最為嚴峻。

The Living Planet Report revealed that the global wildlife population has plummeted by 73% from 1970 to 2020, with freshwater ecosystems being the most severely damaged, with the number of species reduced by 85%. Terrestrial and marine ecosystems also faced major impacts, declining by 69% and 56% respectively. These data show the worsening degradation of global ecosystems, especially in Latin America and the Caribbean, where wildlife populations have dropped by 95%.

生物多樣性的最大威脅：糧食生產

The biggest threat to biodiversity: food production

The report points out that global food production is one of the main causes of biodiversity loss. Improper agricultural expansion, deforestation, overfishing, and infrastructure development have severely affected plant and animal habitats. The report emphasizes that these human activities have driven many species to the brink of extinction, especially land birds and mammals.

報告指出，全球糧食生產是導致生物多樣性流失的主要原因之一。不當的農業擴張、濫伐森林、過度捕撈和基礎設施的開發，嚴重影響了動植物的棲地。報告中強調，這些人類活動使得許多物種瀕臨滅絕，尤其是陸地鳥類和哺乳動物。

報告還指出，全球糧食生產佔了全球溫室氣體排放量的27%，並且導致86%的物種面臨滅絕威脅。特別是熱帶雨林遭到大規模砍伐，許多淡水河流被切斷或過度取水，導致生態系統不堪重負。

The report also pointed out that global food production accounts for 27% of global greenhouse gas emissions and causes 86% of species to be threatened with extinction. In particular, tropical rainforests have been deforested on a large scale, and many freshwater rivers have been cut off or over-extracted, causing the ecosystem to be overwhelmed.

飢餓與氣候變遷的雙重危機

儘管全球糧食系統對環境造成了嚴重損害，仍有約7.35億人面臨飢餓和糧食不安全。這表明，現行的糧食生產模式不僅對環境破壞嚴重，也未能有效解決人類的糧食需求。報告警告，若未能有效改革全球糧食生產系統，將導致氣溫上升超過1.5°C的限度，最終加劇氣候變遷帶來的負面影響。

保育行動的成效與未來挑戰

儘管全球生物多樣性正面臨巨大威脅，一些保育行動已經顯現成效。報告中提到的成功案例包括東非的山地大猩猩族群恢復以及歐洲野牛的再引入計劃，這些成功案例說明，透過科學有效的保育措施，野生動物族群有望復甦。

The twin crises of hunger and climate change

Despite the severe environmental damage caused by the global food system, some 735 million people still face hunger and food insecurity. This shows that the current food production model not only causes serious damage to the environment, but also fails to effectively solve human food needs. The report warns that failure to effectively reform the global food production system will cause temperatures to rise beyond the 1.5°C limit, ultimately exacerbating the negative impacts of climate change.

The effectiveness of conservation actions and future challenges

Although global biodiversity is facing huge threats, some conservation actions have shown results. Successful cases mentioned in the report include the recovery of the mountain gorilla population in East Africa and the reintroduction plan of the European bison. These successful cases illustrate that through scientific and effective conservation measures, wildlife populations can recover.

然而，這些零星的成功還不足以遏止生態系統的崩潰。世界自然基金會（WWF）呼籲各國政府和企業加大投入，以確保生物多樣性保護行動能夠大規模推進。報告還指出，2030年之前是實現保護30%陸地和海洋目標的關鍵時期，若無及時行動，生態系統將面臨無法逆轉的災難。

However, these sporadic successes have not been enough to stem the collapse of the ecosystem. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) calls on governments and businesses to increase investment to ensure that biodiversity conservation actions can be promoted on a large scale. The report also pointed out that before 2030 is a critical period to achieve the goal of protecting 30% of land and oceans. Without timely action, the ecosystem will face irreversible disaster.

最環保的飲食習慣：印度為榜樣

The greenest eating habits: India as a role model

報告中特別提到，印度的飲食習慣被評為最環保的。如果全球都效仿印度的飲食模式，對地球的負面影響將降到最低。印度多採用在地食材，這種飲食模式對環境的破壞較小，相較之下，阿根廷、澳洲、美國的飲食模式則對永續發展構成較大威脅。

The report specifically mentioned that India's eating habits were rated as the most environmentally friendly. If the world follows India's dietary pattern, the negative impact on the planet will be minimized. India mostly uses local ingredients, and this dietary pattern causes less damage to the environment. In comparison, the dietary patterns of Argentina, Australia, and the United States pose a greater threat to sustainable development.

總結來看，生物多樣性的減少不僅影響野生動物，也將嚴重威脅人類社會的糧食安全和經濟穩定。全球需要立即採取更大規模的行動，改革糧食系統，減少溫室氣體排放，保護脆弱的生態系統，並確保未來的生物多樣性。

To sum up, the reduction of biodiversity not only affects wild animals, but also seriously threatens the food security and economic stability of human society. The world needs to take urgent and larger-scale action to reform food systems, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, protect fragile ecosystems, and ensure the future of biodiversity.