冰川消失危機：瑞士與義大利邊境地形變化重塑國界

瑞士科學院報告顯示，該國的冰川在過去兩年內的融化速度創下新高紀錄。

2022年，瑞士冰川體積減少了6%，2023年則減少了4%，這兩年成為歷來冰川損失最為嚴重的年份。

The Swiss Academy of Sciences reports that the country's glaciers have melted at a record rate in the past two years. In 2022, the volume of Swiss glaciers decreased by 6%, and in 2023 it decreased by 4%. These two years have become the most serious years for glacier losses in history. Especially the high temperatures in July and August this year, coupled with the absorption of heat by dust from the Sahara, led to the largest ice loss in the glacier in August.

特別是今年7月和8月的高溫，加上來自撒哈拉的塵埃吸收熱量，導致冰川在8月出現了最大規模的冰量損失。

The rapid retreat of glaciers has had widespread impacts on European mountainous areas, especially in the Alps. Scientists point out that more than half of Swiss glaciers are completely without snow cover throughout the summer, which poses a threat to local mountain routes and terrain stability. For example, a glacier collapse in Italy's Dolomites in 2022 killed 11 climbers.

冰川的快速消融已對歐洲山區帶來廣泛影響，尤其是阿爾卑斯山地區。科學家指出，超過一半的瑞士冰川在整個夏季完全沒有積雪覆蓋，這對當地的山區路線和地形穩定性構成威脅，例如2022年義大利多洛米蒂山發生的冰川崩塌，曾導致11名登山者遇難。

Impact of changing border terrain

邊界地形改變的影響

Melting glaciers not only affect the natural ecology, but also change the terrain of parts of the border between Switzerland and Italy, especially near the Matterhorn. Melting glaciers have changed about 100 meters of the border between Italy and Switzerland,

冰川融化不僅影響自然生態，還改變了瑞士和義大利之間部分邊境的地形，尤其是在馬特洪峰附近。冰川融化使得義大利與瑞士之間約100公尺的邊境段發生變化，導致兩國必須重新協商國界。這些變化也引發了在某些情況下的國際邊界問題，如2022年因冰川融化揭示了義大利山間避難所跨越了兩國邊境。

forcing the two countries to renegotiate their border. The changes have also raised international border issues in some cases, such as when melting glaciers revealed an Italian mountain refuge straddling the border between the two countries in 2022.

全球冰川的快速消失

The rapid disappearance of global glaciers

冰川融化的速度如此之快，以至於即便全球氣溫保持在《巴黎協定》設定的1.5度上升目標內，許多冰川仍無法被拯救。瑞士的研究顯示，該國已有超過1000座小冰川因氣候變暖而消失。這一現象在全球範圍內蔓延，例如委內瑞拉在2023年失去最後一座冰川，紐西蘭和美國西部也失去了數百座冰川。

Glaciers are melting so fast that many cannot be saved even if global temperatures stay within the 1.5-degree rise target set by the Paris Agreement. Research in Switzerland shows that more than 1,000 small glaciers in the country have disappeared due to climate warming. This phenomenon is spreading around the world, such as Venezuela losing its last glacier in 2023, and New Zealand and the western United States also losing hundreds of glaciers.

這些冰川的消失帶來的不僅是自然景觀的改變，還可能對全球氣候、海平面上升及地方經濟活動產生深遠的影響。科學家警告，如果不減少溫室氣體排放，更多的冰川將在未來幾十年內消失，並可能對全球環境產生無法挽回的破壞。

The disappearance of these glaciers will not only change the natural landscape, but may also have a profound impact on global climate, sea level rise and local economic activities. Scientists warn that if greenhouse gas emissions are not reduced, more glaciers will disappear in the coming decades, potentially causing irreparable damage to the global environment.