林業拚去原料化

莫三比克林業產業正加速轉型，試圖擺脫長期以原木出口為主的發展模式。莫三比克林業經營者聯合會（FEDEMOMA）近日提出2026至2035年戰略計畫，強調推動產業工業化，藉此遏止原材料外流與非法木材貿易問題。

Mozambique’s forestry sector is undergoing a strategic transformation aimed at reducing its long-standing reliance on raw timber exports. The Mozambican Federation of Forestry Operators (FEDEMOMA) has unveiled its Strategic Plan for 2026–2035, emphasizing industrialization as a key pathway to curb illegal logging and increase value-added production.

FEDEMOMA主席Jorge Chacate在首都馬普托表示，林業產業的監管與透明度提升，需透過重組地方協會體系來實現，特別是在中部的馬尼卡（Manica）與索法拉（Sofala），以及北部的尼亞薩（Niassa）與卡波德爾加多（Cabo Delgado）等地區。相關新協會的註冊作業已陸續展開，目標在於推動木材加工產業化，並確保森林資源的永續利用。

Speaking in Maputo, FEDEMOMA Chairperson Jorge Chacate highlighted the need to improve oversight and transparency through the reorganization of forestry associations, particularly in the provinces of Manica, Sofala, Niassa, and Cabo Delgado. The registration of new associations is already underway to promote timber processing and ensure the sustainable use of forest resources.

該戰略計畫由FEDEMOMA與 International Labour Organization（ILO）合作制定，屬於林業協會振興計畫的一部分。內容涵蓋法規培訓、職業安全與健康管理，以及負責任商業行為的推廣，旨在強化產業基礎與治理能力。

The strategic plan was developed in collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) as part of a broader initiative to revitalize forestry associations and strengthen capacity in regulatory compliance, occupational health and safety, and responsible business practices.

在產業升級方面，計畫提出設立三座技術培訓中心，培養林業加工專業人才，並促進家具、門窗等高附加價值產品的生產。Chacate指出，莫三比克長期出口原木，附加價值流失嚴重，未來將致力於在地加工與內需消化，打破資源型經濟循環。

A key component of the plan is the establishment of three technological training centers to equip operators with the technical skills required to produce higher value-added products such as furniture, doors, and windows. Chacate stressed that Mozambique must move beyond exporting raw materials and instead prioritize domestic processing and consumption.

政府方面也坦言產業面臨多重挑戰。林業局長Imede Falume指出，非法砍伐、業者組織鬆散，以及持證經營者數量下降，皆影響產業發展。過去五年，註冊業者已從800家減少至約400家，顯示產業結構仍待優化。

Government officials acknowledged ongoing challenges within the sector. Imede Falume, Director of Forests, noted that illegal logging, weak organization among operators, and a decline in licensed businesses continue to hinder development. The number of registered operators has dropped from over 800 to around 400 in the past five years.

為強化監管，政府正推動木材數位追蹤系統，以追溯木材來源與最終流向，提升供應鏈透明度，並打擊非法貿易。

To address these issues, the government is introducing a digital timber tracking system to monitor the origin and final destination of forest products, enhancing supply chain transparency and enforcement.

ILO駐莫三比克代表Antenor Pereira則強調，林業轉型必須兼顧「體面勞動」（decent work），包括勞動權益保障與安全健康的工作環境。他指出，唯有將永續發展與勞動標準結合，才能建立具韌性的產業體系。

ILO Representative Antenor Pereira emphasized that sustainable growth in the forestry sector must be accompanied by decent work conditions, including labor rights protection and safe working environments. He noted that integrating sustainability with labor standards is essential for building a resilient and competitive industry.

整體而言，莫三比克林業正從資源出口導向，轉向以加工製造與永續治理為核心的發展模式。隨著國際市場對合法性與ESG要求提高，該戰略計畫也被視為提升產業競爭力與吸引投資的重要關鍵。

Overall, Mozambique’s forestry strategy signals a shift from a resource-export model toward a more sustainable, value-added industrial framework. As global markets increasingly demand traceability and ESG compliance, the plan is expected to strengthen the sector’s competitiveness and attract investment.