蘇格蘭搶先英國 推2045淨零藍圖

蘇格蘭政府近日公布新版《氣候行動草案》，設定在2045年前實現溫室氣體淨零排放，比英國全國2050年的目標更進一步。該計畫涵蓋多項減碳行動，包括2030年前淘汰新汽柴油車、將建築供暖系統從天然氣與燃油轉向低碳能源、擴大林地種植以及加速泥炭地復育等措施。

The Scottish government has released a new draft Climate Action Plan that aims for net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2045, five years ahead of the UK’s national goal. The plan outlines a series of decarbonization

蘇格蘭氣候行動大臣吉莉安‧馬丁（Gillian Martin）指出，蘇格蘭正面臨氣候變遷的直接衝擊，包括洪水、熱浪與野火等極端氣候現象，強調「行動刻不容緩」。草案提出建築供暖脫碳路線圖，目標於2045年前讓非住宅建築連接低碳區域供暖系統，同時規劃補助與消費者誘因，加速電動車普及。

measures, including phasing out new petrol and diesel vehicles by 2030, transitioning heating systems from gas and oil to low-carbon alternatives, expanding woodland planting, and accelerating peatland restoration.

生態面向上，蘇格蘭政府計畫自2029至2030年間，每年植林1.8萬公頃，並於2032年前完成40萬公頃泥炭地復育，以吸收農業排放。此舉旨在抵銷農牧業的溫室氣體排放，但不涉及削減牲畜數量。

Climate Action Secretary Gillian Martin emphasized the urgency of the plan, citing the increasing frequency of floods, heatwaves, and wildfires across Scotland. The draft sets out a clear roadmap to decarbonize building heating by 2045, requiring non-domestic properties to connect to low-carbon district heating networks. It also proposes incentives to encourage consumers to adopt electric vehicles.

在財政層面，政府估計2026年至2040年間的氣候政策支出約為48億英鎊，預期將帶來423億英鎊的經濟效益，包括就業增加、住屋保溫改善與能源支出下降。再生能源，特別是風能與太陽能，被列為蘇格蘭能源轉型的核心。

On the environmental front, the plan includes planting 18,000 hectares of new woodland annually by 2029–2030 and restoring 400,000 hectares of peatland by 2032 to offset agricultural emissions - Scotland’s third-largest source of greenhouse gases - without reducing livestock numbers.

此外，草案特別關注「公正轉型」，強調將協助石油與天然氣產業勞工平順轉向再生能源產業。

然而，該計畫也引發部分批評。

Financially, the government projects climate-related spending of £4.8 billion between 2026 and 2040, with anticipated benefits worth £42.3 billion, including job creation, energy savings, and warmer homes. Renewable energy, particularly wind and solar, will play a central role in Scotland’s energy transition.

蘇格蘭保守黨與工黨議員，以及環保團體「地球之友蘇格蘭」（Friends of the Earth Scotland）認為草案在具體執行層面仍缺乏細節，尤其在建築改造、電動車推廣與化石燃料退場策略方面仍顯模糊。

The draft also underscores the importance of a “just transition,” ensuring that workers in the oil and gas sector are supported as the economy moves toward clean energy industries.

同時，外界也關注泥炭地復育的可行性，以及如何在不減少牲畜數量的情況下實現減排目標。

However, the plan has drawn criticism from Conservative and Labour MSPs and environmental groups such as Friends of the Earth Scotland, who argue that it lacks clarity on implementation - particularly in heating retrofits, EV adoption, and fossil fuel phase-outs. Questions have also been raised about the feasibility of large-scale peatland restoration and achieving agricultural emissions cuts without reducing cattle numbers.

目前蘇格蘭的溫室氣體排放量已較1990年減少50%，新草案則設定未來五年再削減至57%，2035年減少69%，2040年達80%，為2050年前邁向淨零奠定基礎。

Scotland has already reduced its greenhouse gas emissions by 50% from 1990 levels. The new targets aim for a 57% cut within five years, 69% by 2035, and 80% by 2040 - setting the nation firmly on track toward net-zero by 2045.