美國綠色轉型受阻：川普對州級氣候行動開戰

美國前總統川普近期簽署一項爭議性的行政命令，意圖限制各州對氣候變遷政策的立法與訴訟行動，強調要「釋放美國能源潛力」並終結「州政府的過度干預」。然而此舉不僅引發法律界、環保團體與可持續產業的強烈反彈，也可能對全國各地推動的減碳、淨零與ESG政策造成全面衝擊。

Former U.S. President Donald Trump has signed a controversial executive order aimed at restricting states’ ability to legislate and litigate on climate change policies. The order emphasizes the need to “unleash America’s energy potential” and “end excessive state interference.” However, the move has drawn fierce criticism from legal experts, environmental groups, and the sustainable business community, with concerns that it could severely undermine nationwide decarbonization, net-zero goals, and ESG initiatives.

氣候訴訟的攻防戰：從地方到聯邦的拉鋸

川普的命令背景，是石油與天然氣產業面對越來越多州政府提起的氣候責任訴訟。這些訴訟指控能源企業長期隱瞞化石燃料對全球暖化的影響，並要求企業承擔環境復原與社會損害的經濟責任。

2024年內，新澤西州與紐約州的訴訟被聯邦法院駁回，但加州、康乃狄克州及夏威夷火奴魯魯提出的類似案件則被准許繼續審理。最高法院也拒絕了19個共和黨州聯手提出的「終止地方訴訟權」上訴案，形同支持州級政府擁有氣候行動的司法空間。

Climate Litigation Tug-of-War: A Local vs. Federal Showdown

The executive order comes against the backdrop of increasing climate lawsuits filed by states against oil and gas companies. These lawsuits accuse energy corporations of deliberately concealing the environmental impact of fossil fuels, and seek to hold them financially responsible for environmental restoration and societal damages.

行政命令內容與意圖：能源霸權 vs. 地方自主

這份命名為《防止州政府過度干預美國能源》的行政命令，點名紐約與佛蒙特的氣候責任法、加州的碳權交易制度、以及其他州的氣候訴訟，指稱這些政策屬於「意識形態驅動的非法障礙」，損害美國經濟、提高能源成本並威脅國家安全。

In 2024, lawsuits from New Jersey and New York were dismissed by federal courts, while similar cases from California, Connecticut, and Honolulu, Hawaii, were allowed to proceed. The Supreme Court also rejected an appeal by 19 Republican-led states that sought to eliminate local governments’ authority to bring such cases, effectively upholding the states’ legal space for climate action.

命令授權新任司法部長潘蜜拉·邦迪（Pam Bondi）在60天內調查所有州級氣候、碳排與ESG政策，評估其對美國能源發展的「負面影響」，並提出是否需要聯邦立法或進一步行政行動，以「阻止其執行」。

可持續性政策的倒退？ 影響所及的五大領域

這項命令可能對以下五個可持續發展核心領域造成實質衝擊：

企業與非營利部門的回應：在壓力中找出創新路徑

儘管聯邦政策出現保守化回潮，多數企業與研究機構仍致力於可持續策略的推進。一些企業正採取以下因應策略：

國際視角：川普政策與全球永續目標背道而馳？

在全球推進《巴黎氣候協定》與《聯合國永續發展目標（SDGs）》的大背景下，川普此舉可能被視為美國再次退出國際氣候承諾的徵兆。歐盟、日本與加拿大等盟友已對美國氣候政策的反覆表達關切，而資本市場亦可能因政策不確定性提高對美風險評級。

Executive Order’s Intent: Energy Dominance vs. Local Autonomy

Titled the “Preventing State Overreach on American Energy” order, the directive singles out New York and Vermont’s climate accountability laws, California’s carbon trading program, and other state-level climate lawsuits. It claims these policies are “ideologically driven illegal barriers” that harm the U.S. economy, raise energy costs, and threaten national security.

The order authorizes newly appointed Attorney General Pam Bondi to investigate all state-level climate, carbon, and ESG regulations within 60 days. She is to assess their “negative impact on American energy development” and propose federal legislative or administrative actions to “prevent their enforcement.”

A Step Backward for Sustainability? Impact Across Five Key Areas

The order could significantly disrupt five core pillars of sustainable development:

未來展望：衝突中孕育創新轉機？

面對聯邦與地方之間的拉鋸戰、保守政治與綠色轉型的矛盾，美國社會正站在一個十字路口。雖然川普政府試圖扭轉氣候進程，但這也反向激發了地方創新、產業自律與社會運動的集結。

Private Sector and Nonprofits Respond: Innovation Under Pressure

Despite this federal policy rollback, most companies and research institutions remain committed to sustainability. Some are adopting the following strategies in response:

Global Perspective: A Step Away from Climate Leadership?

In the context of global climate efforts such as the Paris Agreement and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Trump’s move is seen as a potential signal of the U.S. backtracking - again - on international climate commitments. Allies such as the EU, Japan, and Canada have already expressed concerns over the U.S.’s policy inconsistency, and investors may respond by downgrading the U.S. risk profile due to increased policy uncertainty.

許多觀察家認為，這場政策攻防，實質上是美國如何重新定義「永續經濟」、「綠色競爭力」與「氣候正義」的開端。關鍵在於：是選擇短期能源擴張，還是投資長遠的低碳未來？

Looking Ahead: Can Innovation Emerge from Conflict?

當前美國聯邦與州政府之間在氣候政策上的對立，正逐漸浮現出全球氣候治理中最關鍵的結構性矛盾之一：中央主導的能源利益與地方推動的永續行動之衝突。思想永續顧問服務公司的賴昱瑋會計師表示，川普最新簽署的行政命令，表面上是以「能源自主」為核心，實則削弱州政府執行氣候責任訴訟、推動碳定價與ESG政策的能力，這不僅引發法律與政策面的不確定性，更對企業的永續策略與佈局形成嚴重干擾。

As the tug-of-war between federal and state governments intensifies, and as conservative politics clash with green transitions, American society finds itself at a critical crossroads. While the Trump administration seeks to reverse climate progress, its actions may inadvertently galvanize local innovation, industry leadership, and grassroots mobilization.

這類這類政治干預的倒退風險，對國際氣候合作形成寒蟬效應。尤其對台灣而言，正值《氣候變遷因應法》與IFRS S2等規範逐步落實的階段，政策連貫性、中央與地方協調能力，以及永續治理的法制化程度，將會是是否能吸引國際資本與建構低碳競爭力的關鍵。

Many observers believe this policy battle marks the beginning of a new chapter in defining sustainable economics, green competitiveness, and climate justice in the United States. The central question remains: Will America choose short-term energy expansion or invest in a resilient, low-carbon future?