Ford強化供應鏈碳控，鋼鋁採購轉向低碳材料

隨著全球淨零排放目標的壓力不斷升高，汽車產業的脫碳挑戰已不僅限於車輛尾氣排放，更延伸至涵蓋鋼鐵、鋁、鋰等原物料的供應鏈。美國車廠Ford近日在其2025年股東會報告中指出，該公司已從377家供應商收集到溫室氣體排放資料，較2022年增加20%。此舉反映出車廠對供應鏈碳足跡的管理逐步成熟，也預示著汽車產業正進入「供應鏈減碳」的新戰場。

As Net-Zero Pressure Mounts, Ford Pushes Supply Chain Decarbonization, Signaling a New Battleground for the Auto Industry

As global net-zero targets tighten, the decarbonization challenge in the automotive sector is no longer limited to tailpipe emissions. It now extends deep into the supply chain, encompassing high-emission raw materials like steel, aluminum, and lithium. In its 2025 shareholder report, U.S. automaker Ford disclosed that it has collected greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data from 377 suppliers, marking a 20% increase from 2022. This move reflects growing maturity in managing supply chain carbon footprints and signals the industry’s entrance into a new decarbonization frontier - Scope 3 emissions across the supply chain.

供應鏈碳排占比逐年攀升

根據Ford的數據，其供應鏈碳排約占總排放量的11%，其中高碳材料如鋼鐵與鋁貢獻顯著。為此，Ford承諾到2030年將採購的鋁中有10%為低碳鋁，鋼材則將包含「近零碳」鋼鐵，並與戰略供應商簽署非約束性合約，積極部署低碳原料採購。

Supply Chain Emissions Rising in Proportion

然而，這些措施在Green Century Capital Management等投資人看來仍屬「願景型承諾」，缺乏與減碳目標對應的具體路徑規劃。該機構提出股東提案，呼籲Ford應比照Volvo與Mercedes-Benz，加入國際鋼鐵永續認證倡議「ResponsibleSteel」，並明確整合鋼鐵供應鏈減碳路徑至其氣候風險管理架構中。

According to Ford, supply chain emissions now account for 11% of the company’s total carbon footprint, with high-carbon materials such as steel and aluminum contributing significantly. To address this, Ford has committed to sourcing 10% of its aluminum from low-carbon sources by 2030 and incorporating “ near-zero carbon ” steel. It has also signed non-binding agreements with strategic suppliers to secure low-carbon material supply.

However, investors such as Green Century Capital Management have criticized these as aspirational commitments lacking a clear, measurable decarbonization roadmap. The group submitted a shareholder proposal urging Ford to follow the lead of Volvo and Mercedes-Benz by joining the ResponsibleSteel initiative and formally integrating steel supply chain decarbonization into its broader climate risk governance framework.

政策觀察：供應鏈碳揭露與低碳採購成新監管趨勢

事實上，不只是股東壓力，法規也正推動企業深化供應鏈減碳。歐盟「企業永續報導指令」（CSRD）與「企業永續盡職調查指令」（CSDDD）皆要求企業揭露與監控其供應鏈的環境與人權風險。尤其是CSDDD草案，原本要求企業「系統性」審查整體供應鏈，雖在近期歐洲議會決議後有所緩解，但仍要求企業對已知高風險供應鏈進行盡職調查。

在美國，SEC擬議的氣候揭露規則亦預計涵蓋範疇三（Scope 3）排放，迫使企業揭露來自供應鏈與產品使用階段的間接排放。雖然最終版本預料將有所調整，但供應鏈碳排的資訊揭露已成全球趨勢。

Policy Watch: Carbon Disclosure and Green Procurement as Emerging Regulatory Norms

Beyond investor pressure, evolving regulations are also driving companies to address supply chain emissions. The EU’s Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) both require businesses to disclose and manage environmental and human rights risks across their value chains. While the CSDDD proposal has recently been softened by the European Parliament, the law still requires due diligence on known high-risk supply chains.

In the U.S., the SEC’s proposed climate disclosure rule is expected to include Scope 3 emissions, potentially compelling companies to reveal indirect emissions from their supply chains and product use. Although the final rule may include modifications, supply chain carbon transparency is fast becoming a global regulatory norm.

技術與標準將成關鍵支撐

面對供應鏈碳控壓力，單靠資料回報難以因應。企業必須投資於供應鏈碳足跡測量工具、導入產品生命週期分析（LCA），並參與如ResponsibleSteel、Aluminum Stewardship Initiative等第三方標準機制。這不僅有助於強化供應鏈透明度，更能透過標準認證作為採購條件，向上游施壓推動脫碳。

Tools and Standards: The Next Frontier of Compliance

Facing growing supply chain decarbonization pressure, companies can no longer rely solely on basic data collection. They must invest in carbon footprint measurement tools, implement life cycle assessments (LCA), and participate in third-party certification systems such as ResponsibleSteel and the Aluminum Stewardship Initiative. These mechanisms not only improve transparency but can also serve as procurement criteria - applying upstream pressure to accelerate emissions reductions.

Government support is also crucial. Public procurement standards, green tax incentives, and sustainable finance tools like low-interest loans can help scale up green material adoption. For small and medium-sized suppliers, public policy intervention may be essential to ease the financial and technical burden of low-carbon transition.

同時，政府政策也應加強支援企業低碳採購，透過公部門採購標準、稅務優惠、綠色貸款等手段，引導產業鏈投資綠色材料與製程。尤其對中小供應商而言，若無政策協助，轉型壓力恐難以承擔。

Conclusion: Supply Chain Decarbonization as a Core Competitiveness Indicator

結語：供應鏈減碳是新競爭力的核心

As global supply chains undergo structural transformation, the ability to reduce emissions throughout the value chain is becoming a passport to market access. Ford’s disclosure of supplier emissions data and low-carbon procurement targets signals a growing awareness of future policy and market expectations.

在全球產業鏈逐步重組之際，供應鏈減碳能力正成為企業進入國際市場的門票。Ford的供應鏈碳揭露與低碳材料承諾，反映出產業對未來市場與政策趨勢的敏銳反應。然而，只有當企業將永續採購與供應鏈治理視為核心競爭力，而非附屬項目，才能在這場低碳轉型的競賽中搶得先機。

But for companies to gain a lasting edge in the low-carbon economy, sustainable procurement and supply chain governance must be treated as core competencies - not peripheral projects. Those who embed climate action at the heart of supply chain strategy will be best positioned to lead in the global decarbonization race.